You must have heard of reflection of light. It's when a ray of light bounces back from a surface. When a light ray hits a mirror, it bounces back with the same angle as the angle with which it hit the mirror. The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection But what if instead of a mirror, there is a transparent surface? In such cases, the light ray goes through the surface, and undergoes refraction. What is refraction? Refraction is the bending of light when it goes from one medium to another. This happens because the speed of light changes across two different media. When a ray of light is perpendicular to the normal, it travels to the other medium without bending. The ray of light only bends when it goes obliquely from one medium to another. This bending of light depends on the medium through which light is travelling. Optical Density • Rarer medium: The medium through which the speed of light is more is an optically rarer medium. • Denser medium: The medium...
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